Introduction

CSS are delighted to offer an environmentally friendly solution to the ever
increasing problem of waste water treatment in Cyprus. Each year the sea and surrounding land is polluted by the ongoing use of septic tanks and cesspits.

The polluted land is then a breeding ground for harmful insects, including mosquito’s, bringing discomfort and often serious illnesses into our homes. There is now a solution to this problem, available to everyone, and in order to return Cyprus back to a safe and clean island, we all have to take responsibility.

All of our Sewage Treatment Plants have been designed to deal with waste water safely and effectively and allows for this precious resource to be recycled.

Our systems are specifically designed for the population of between 2-2,500 populations. The plants can be used in-conjunction with drip feed and subsoil irrigation. Our Sewage Treatment Plants are designed in line with the specifications outlined in the current British Standards and future EU standard EN12566-3, together with the British Water flows and loads guidelines. The sewage plants perform to their optimum when these loads are maintained.

We can also supply sand filters, pump chambers, underground drainage pipe chambers and fittings, water storage tanks.

Technology
All our Sewage Treatment Plants  feature our new BIO BALL filter media, which has been designed to increase the efficiency of the biological process. BIO BALL media provides excellent ventilation to speed-up the aerobic reaction and also have exceptional void area to prevent blocking and the resulting slowing-down of the process that might occur. The BIO BALL feature specially designed profiled fins which increase the total surface area and encourage the formation of the biological films of bacteria, protozoa and fungi which will eat and biologically break down the organic content. The edges of the fins are serrated, this enables them to interlock in the filter bed giving excellent mechanical strength. The BIO BALL Technology means that media maintains improved performance in our Sewage Treatment Plants.

Pop 3 Sewage Treatment Plant
Pop 3 Sewage Treatment Plant package treatment system which has a unique design. The Pop 3 unit featuresv a compact twin tank module system which consists of a primary, aeration biomass treatment chamber and internal humus tank. The treatment unit is sized to treat the effluent effectively. The treated effluent is then transferred from the primary chamber into an aeration chamber with the internal humus tank that has a unique micron filter and sludge return system.

The Pop 3 unit can also be retrofitted to existing septic tanks and some cesspits/cesspools that have sufficient existing volume for sludge containment. The Pop 3 unit can be connected onto the discharge pipe of your existing septic tank or a connection may be
able to be made from your cesspit by your contractor to connect to the Pop 3 unit. This will give you a superior discharge standard which can be designed to suit most discharge requirements.

Please Note: It is always important to ask for the required consent to discharge standard before going ahead with any modification of existing plants or tanks. Once this is established we can design a suitable Pop 3 unit to the required effluent discharge standard which can be retrofitted easily by a competent contractor. This can work as efficiently as a completely new installation of of a full Sewage Treatment Plant. However we would need to establish the effectiveness and performance of your existing treatment plant or septic tank  before a Pop 3 can be designed and installed. Please note also that if you are looking to upgrade an existing septic tank or cesspool that mains power will be required to the site to run the Pop 3 unit and installation of the electrical system should be carried out by a qualified electrician or tradesmen.

The Process and the Product Range

Stage 1
Waste water enters the primary settlement chamber. Heavy solids drop to the base where they are separated from the liquid. Anaerobic breakdown now begins to occur and improves the water quality by up to 30%, producing a secondary effluent. Any suspended solids (tissue etc) are filtered out by the micron filter on the outlet from this chamber.

Stage 2
The filtered effluent then enters the second stage of the treatment process which is the aeration of the effluent. In chamber 2 masses of naturally occurring bacteria inhabit specially designed filter media beds. The bacteria are sustained and proliferated with air, which is continuously supplied by an above ground compressor to a high quality diffuser in the base of the chamber. As the effluent flows through the filter media the bacteria feed on the impurities, consuming and removing them. Small quantities of bacteria known as “sludge” are produced as a bi product. This sludge gathers at the bottom of the module where it is continuously fed back to chamber 1, where it starts the process again and which then greatly enhances the performance of the unit.

Stage 3
The treated effluent / liquid now passes through a second micron filter for final polishing of the liquid from the aeration chamber. It enters the third and final settlement module. The remaining treated liquid now meets the required discharge quality standard to be
safely passed out of the unit into the watercourse or soak away.

Please note: the treated effluent must only be used for irrigation, it must never be used in the home or other buildings. It is recommended that if the treated effluent is stored in a pump chamber it receives further dosing either by chlorine or disinfectant. Sand filters are available from CSS.

Introduction - Sewage Treatment Plants

Features
• High Performance Polyethylene Chambers
• Micron filter screening
• Bio-Ball media
• Activated sludge return
• Pumped & Gravity discharge options
• Large media zone
• Low profile installation option
• Benefits
• Durable & Robust
• High quality discharge as standard
• High performance aerobic treatment
• Low maintenance costs
• Easy access to all chambers’
• Ease of installation
• Longer intervals between de-sludging

The POP 3
Designed to treat effluent to a standard of 20:30:20.

Our Sewage Treatment Plants are high performing 3 stage modular sewage plants which is very versatile and has several significant features and benefits over smaller
single vessel installations.

Product Specification

Final Polishing Filters
We are able to provide final effluent polishing filters to further treat the effluent. These include sand filtration or tertiary treatment via fine air bubble diffusion.

Water Storage Pump Chambers
We are able to provide water storage chambers that can be used in conjunction with other sewage treatment products. It must be remembered that the final effluent from a sewage treatment plant will require further polishing before being used for subsoil irrigation.

Please contact CSS for further information on any of these products.

Product Range

M.1. Max Population Equivalent 8 Design Flow Rate (litres per day) 1200 BOD Loading (kg/day) 0.36 Power consumption per day (watts) 60 ( I ) Inlet Invert (mm) 250 (H) Height (mm) 1020 (L) Length (mm) 4200 (W) Width (mm) 1260  * Shallow installation Model
M.2. Max Population Equivalent 50 Design Flow Rate (litres per day) 9900 BOD Loading (kg/day) 2.5 Power consumption per day (watts) 200 ( I ) Inlet Invert (mm) 500 (H) Height (mm) 2350 (L) Length (mm) 7450 (W) Width (mm) 2150
M.3. Max Population Equivalent 32 Design Flow Rate (litres per day) 6000 BOD Loading (kg/day) 1.5 Power consumption per day (watts) 150 ( I ) Inlet Invert (mm) 500 (H) Height (mm) 1920 (L) Length (mm) 5200 (W) Width (mm) 1560
M.4. Max Population Equivalent 18 Design Flow Rate (litres per day) 3600 BOD Loading (kg/day) 0.90 Power consumption per day (watts) 120 ( I ) Inlet Invert (mm) 500 (H) Height (mm) 2120 (L) Length (mm) 4200 (W) Width (mm) 1260
M.5. Max Population Equivalent 12 Design Flow Rate (litres per day) 2400 BOD Loading (kg/day) 0.60 Power consumption per day (watts) 80 ( I ) Inlet Invert (mm) 500 (H) Height (mm) 1620 (L) Length (mm) 4200 (W) Width (mm) 1260
M.6. Max Population Equivalent 8 Design Flow Rate (litres per day) 1200 BOD Loading (kg/day) 0.36 Power consumption per day (watts) 60 ( I ) Inlet Invert (mm) 500 (H) Height (mm) 1610 (L) Length (mm) 4200 (W) Width (mm) 1260

Installation Details

Introduction.
All Sewage Treatment Plants have been designed to give a high performance standard of effluent treatment. The plants are designed for shallow invert installation as standard. Invert risers are available. The chambers can be installed in various positions to
take into account local ground conditions. The modular design allows quick and simple installation.

Ensure the chambers are connected in the correct orientation chamber 1 primary settlement chamber, chamber 2 bio-zone, chamber 3 polishing and final settlement chamber. The Pop 3 Sewage Treatment Plantoperates a continuous process of recycling from the humus tank.

General Information.
Waste water treatment systems are designed to do the following;

1. Treat the wastewater to minimise contamination of soils and water bodies.
2. Reduce contact with waste water to an absolute minimum.
3. Prevent direct discharge of untreated waste water to the ground water.
4. Prevent direct discharge of untreated waste water to surface water.

The biological treatment of the waste water in on-site treatment systems occurs, in the main under aerobic conditions.

Site Characterisation.
The object of site characterisation is to obtain sufficient information to determine if the site can be developed for an on-site system. Characterising the site involves a number of stages including:
• A desk study, which collects any information that may be available on maps etc about the site.
• A visual assessment of the site, which defines the site in relation to surface features.
• A trial hole to evaluate the soil structure depth to rock and water table.
• Percolation tests.

The responsibility here lies with the homeowner or builder. Once we receive a copy of the Engineers Report, with “T values” we have the facilities to do a Site Specific Assessment for you.

Installation Details (continued)

Locating The Sewage Treatment Plant.
Minimum distances for locating the Sewage Treatment Plant are set out below. These are minimum distances only, the Sewage Treatment Plant should in fact be located as far away as is practically possible. However, when locating the Sewage Treatment Plant, consideration should be given to allow adequate access for the vacuum tanker.

The Sewage Treatment Plant should be located not nearer than 1m from any other dwelling as set out in the wastewater treatment manual. Guidelines of minimum distances for locating the Sewage Treatment Plant are set out in the table below.

Minimum separation distances in metres
Liquid is introduced and discharged from the Sewage Treatment Plant under gravity. This may have a bearing on the location of the Sewage Treatment Plant. Where site conditions do not allow gravity discharge, a pumped discharge option is available. The Sewage Treatment Plant is designed for pedestrian traffic only. Adequate protection should be given to avoid super-imposed loads. Vehicles must be restricted from the area
surrounding the Sewage Treatment Plant. Vehicles should maintain a distance equal to the depth of the excavation unless the necessary structural protection around the tank has been provided. The manufacturer will advise on the suitable protection. Suitable fencing to restrict farm animals should be erected if required.

Installation Details (Continued)

Installation of the Sewage Treatment Plant.
When the system arrives on site inspect it for damage, from miss-handling etc. If any damage is seen or suspected, please notify the manufacturer immediately, as problems cannot be rectified easily after installation.

It is then the responsibility of the homeowner or builder to undertake the installing of the Sewage Treatment Plant, as per manufacturers instructions. A suitably sized digger will be required to excavate the hole and lower the Sewage Treatment Plant into the three chambers.

Once a suitable site has been chosen and excavated the following steps must be followed:

• A partial concrete installation is required for a dry site. A dry site is one where the water table never rises higher than the base of the Sewage Treatment Plant
• A complete concrete backfill may be required for wet sites. A Wet Site is one where the water table may rise higher than the base of Sewage Treatment Plant.
• A complete concrete backfill may also be required where the Sewage Treatment Plant may be prone to some superimposed  load.

Installation procedure.
• Excavate a hole circa 500mm wider than the width of the Sewage Treatment Plant. A 250mm void must be left either side of each chamber for back filling, so 2 no. 1260mm diameter chambers would require an excavation length of 3270mm. Remove any
soft spots or boulders or sharp objects of any significant size (tennis ball or larger) from the base and sides of the excavation. A level graded base is then formed using sand binding.

Installation Details (Continued)

Installation procedure. (continued)
• A foundation of semi dry concrete is laid and levelled. The concrete must be of sufficient grade and thickness (minimum 150mm and grade 25 N) to ensure that the Sewage Treatment Plant is fully supported with due regard to subsoil conditions and
loads imposed by the Sewage Treatment Plant. Care must be taken to eliminate voids.
• The system is lifted carefully into position using slings in accordance with the certificate holder’s instructions. Care should be taken to prevent damage to external walls or pipe work and to ensure the CORRECT ORIENTATION of the inlet and outlet pipe work of the three chambers. These are clearly marked on the system.
• Level the Sewage Treatment Plant using a spirit level. The Sewage Treatment Plant should be 100% level. The lip of the lid should sit flush with proposed finished level of the ground so just the lid will protrude above ground. Line up the inlet and outlet pipes with the house pipes and percolation pipes respectively.
• The concrete is hunched up around the base of each chamber. Ensure that the chambers are embedded. Ensure that the top of the chambers are “dead” level and that all of the connections are lined up correctly.
• As backfilling progresses, the system is progressively filled with water to prevent the system popping up out of the ground.
• The backfilled concrete must be carefully compacted around the system, to ensure transfer of ground loads and to prevent concentrations. Vibrating pokers must not be used, as these may damage the polyethylene chambers.
• The remainder of the excavation is then backfilled, with suitably selected self-compacting Pea Gravel or suitable granular material (compaction factor of 0.2 or less), to the underside of the pipework connections. Ensure that the connections remain exposed.
• Connect up the pipework. The Sewage Treatment Plant is plumbed for 110mm PVCu pipe. A short length of pipe with flexible joints should be used immediately before and after the Sewage Treatment Plant to allow for movement between the tank and the pipework.
• A suitably qualified Electrician should then connect the power supply in accordance with the electrical installation instruction.

Electrical Installation
All electrical work must be carried out by a competent person using suitable materials for the application. Electrical work must be carried out strictly to the manufacturer’s instructions and to the relevant national rules for electrical installations.

Electrical Installation of the Uni Sewage Treatment Plant. Standard Gravity System
Note: All electrical work to be carried out by competent person using suitable materials for the application. Electrical work must be carried out strictly to the manufacturer’s instructions and to the relevant national rules for electrical installations.

• A 230V, 16Amp, water proof plug and socket connector will be supplied with this Sewage Treatment Plant. These will conform to European Standards, 1&2. e.g. Legrand 3-pin socket 0553-03 and Legrand 3-pin plug 0563-03
Installation Details (Continued)

The customers’ minimum responsibility shall consist in the provision of:
• A single run of 2.5mm THREE core + earth – two conductors plus earth conductor – steel wire armoured (SWA) cable from the customers distribution cabinet to the Sewage Treatment Plant socket
• Cable protection via 10 amp MCB protected by residual current detector (RCD), rated 230V, AC and tripping current 0.03amps.
• The cable armor must be properly bonded to the main earth at the premises.
• A control panel with alarm is available. Please refer to the manufacturer for further details.

Electrical Installation of the Uni: Sewage Treatment Plant.
Systems with an Alarm and / or Raised percolation bed pump.
• A 230V, 16Amp, waterproof plug and socket connector will be supplied with this Sewage Treatment Plant. These will conform to European Standards 1&2 e.g. Legrand 3-pin socket 0553-03 and Legrand 3-pin plug 0563-03
• A single run of 2.5mm FOUR core + earth – five conductors plus earth conductor – steel wire armoured (SWA) cable from the customers distribution cabinet to the Sewage Treatment Plant socket
• Cable protection via 10 amp MCB protected by residual current detector (RCD), rated 230V, AC and tripping current 0.03amps.
• The cable armour must be properly bonded to the main earth at the premises.
• A control panel with alarm is available. Please refer to the manufacturer for further details.

Note: The steel wired armoured cable is to be routed through the 25mm glands in the pump chamber, then to be terminated to the junction box.

Connections:
One core from 3 to 3.
Neutral core from 4 to 4.
One core from 5 to 5.
One core from 6 to 6.
Earth core from PE Terminal to PE Terminal.

Installation Details (Continued)

Electricians System Start Up:
Once the electrical connection has been put in place between the Sewage Treatment Plant and the fuse board in the house, the system is now operational. If the system is running correctly, a slight “hum” will be heard from the air blower and there will be air
bubbles coming up from the bottom of the middle and third chambers, rising to the surface.

Disposal of treated water.
The Sewage Treatment Plant discharges treated water to the specified standards (20:30:20) or better as detailed in BS6297:1983. This water is now suitable for disposal by any of the following means:
• Direct to a watercourse (consent to discharge approval will be required from the relevant Environment Agency)
• Sub-surface irrigation (herring bone land drainage or constructed soak away area)
• Raised bed
• If the treated water is to be used for irrigation from a pump chamber, it is recommended that the treated effluent is dosed with either chlorine or disinfectant or is further treated via a tertiary process

This treated effluent must never be re-used internally in a home or dwelling.
The best disposal method can depend on a variety of site factors including percolation results, soil type, water table level and topography of the site.

Inspection.
The inlet manhole should be inspected and any solid matter which may clog the inlet pipe should be removed. The cause of any blockage should be investigated. Only qualified personnel should carry this out. The inlet and outlet tee-pipes should be inspected and rodded to ensure that scum does not collect and that the vertical leg is not obstructed

De-sludging.
De-sludging is to be carried out by others, not the Manufacturer of the Sewage Treatment Plant. De-sludging should normally be carried out by a vacuum sludge tanker. Never drive over the treatment system as it is only designed for “Man weight”. When a sludge tanker is to be used and access is poor, the tank should be de-sludged before the onset of winter. Licensed tankers are available commercially and the service is also provided by some local authorities. This sludge should be disposed of in accordance with local authority instructions or in a manner which will not cause pollution. The sludge should not be removed completely, but approximately 75mm should be kept in the bottom of the tank to re-seed the new sludge, which will be formed when the tank is put into use again.

Safety Precautions.
There is a potential danger when de-sludging and therefore this should never be done alone. Never enter a tank unless a safety line is attached to the person entering the tank and a second person is over ground to help if the entrant is overcome by gasses or foul air. Naked flames should not be used in the vicinity of the tank due to the danger of explosion. The manhole covers should never be left off an unattended tank. Disused or abandoned tanks should be demolished, filled in or sealed so that accidental entry is impossible. As safety and security are of vital importance in small-scale sewage treatment systems, the following aspects are critical:

• Protective clothing / gloves should be worn at all times. Always remove contaminated clothing and protective equipment after working with sewage treatment systems.
• Wash hands and face prior to eating, drinking or smoking.
• Adequate first aid boxes should be present.
• When working with machinery or electrical equipment, proximity of water should be noted. Equipment should not be wet when working with it.
• A second person should be present when carrying out non-routine maintenance.
• The distribution box should be designed (& constructed by the builder) to facilitate sampling and inspection without placing personnel at risk.
• Only qualified personnel should carry out electrical repairs.
• Please ensure the final treated effluent is not re-used internally in the home or building.
• Great care should be taken when handling sludge.
• Always lock the cover of the system.

Always wash thoroughly with disinfectant after working with an active sewage treatment plant.

Maintenance of percolation area.
The percolation area should be inspected periodically and any signs of malfunctioning noted. This will show itself by obvious signs of blockage of the distribution box, or by ponding or smells or pollution in the surrounding area. In this event expert advice should be sought or use should be made of the reserve percolation area.

Warranty and Servicing Agreement.
CSS offers an initial, full 12-month warranty on every Sewage Treatment Plant installed (provided that it is installed, commissioned & maintained in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and also provided that the Sewage Treatment Plant has not been subject to damage or abuse). This warranty covers all of the POLYETHYLENE CHAMBERS components and also all other additional installed components against malfunction.